According to researchers from the common group of the
University of Innsbruck in Austria and US National Institute
of Standards and Technology (starting from December 1997,
Rainer Blatt, David Wineland et al.):
• Photon is a bit of light, the quantum of electromagnetic
radiation (quantum is the smallest amount of energy
that a system can gain or lose);
• Polarization refers to the direction and characteristics
of the light wave vibration;
• If one uses the entanglement phenomenon, in order to
transfer the polarization between two photons, then:
whatever happens to one is the opposite of what hap-
pens to the other; hence, their polarizations are oppos-
ite of each other;
• In quantum mechanics, objects such as subatomic par-
ticles do not have specific, fixed characteristic at any
given instant in time until they are measured;
• Suppose a certain physical process produces a pair
of entangled particles A and B (having opposite or
complementary characteristics), which fly off into spa-
ce in the opposite direction and, when they are billions
of miles apart, one measures particle A; because B is
the opposite, the act of measuring A instantaneously
tells B what to be; therefore those instructions would
somehow have to travel between A and B faster than
the speed of light; hence, one can extend the Einstein-
Podolsky-Rosen paradox and Bell’s inequality and as-
sert that the light speed is not a speed barrier in the
Universe.
Such results were also obtained by: Nicolas Gisin at
the University of Geneva, Switzerland, who successfully
teleported quantum bits, or qubits, between two labs over
2 km of coiled cable. But the actual distance between the
two labs was about 55 m; researchers from the University of
Vienna and the Austrian Academy of Science (Rupert Ursin
et al. have carried out successful teleportation with particles
of light over a distance of 600 m across the River Danube in
Austria); researchers from Australia National University and
many others.